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The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act primarily addresses issues related to fair pay by amending the Fair Labor Standards Act to clarify the timeline for filing wage discrimination claims. The law was enacted in response to the Supreme Court's decision in the case of Lilly Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., which ruled that such claims must be filed within a certain time frame following the initial discriminatory pay decision. The Act resets the 180-day statute of limitations for filing a claim with each discriminatory paycheck received, thus allowing employees to take action if they believe they are being paid less due to discrimination.

While the Act also touches on aspects of discrimination—and specifically addresses pay discrimination based on sex—it is fundamentally centered on ensuring that individuals have the means to seek fair compensation for their work. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in addressing wage disparity and reinforcing the legal framework that promotes equal pay for equal work regardless of gender.